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Authors
Tinauer, Christian https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4355-3898
Sackl, Maximilian
Stollberger, Rudolf
Schmidt, Reinhold
Ropele, Stefan
Langkammer, Christian
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Austrian Science Fund (P30134)
Austrian Science Fund (P35887)
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Article History
Received: 29 July 2025
Accepted: 8 November 2025
First Online: 22 December 2025
Declarations
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: Data used in this study were obtained from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database ( ). The ADNI study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of each participating institution’s Institutional Review Board and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants or their authorized representatives at the time of enrollment. The current study involved only secondary analyses of fully de-identified data provided by ADNI, and no additional ethical approval was required. All analyses were conducted in accordance with the ADNI Data Use Agreement. Additionally, this study used data acquired in local studies approved by the ethics committee of the Medical University of Graz (IRB00002556), and signed informed consent was obtained from all study participants or their caregivers. The trial protocol for this prospective study was registered at the National Library of Medicine (trial identification number: NCT02752750). All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations.
: Signed informed consent was obtained from all study participants or their caregivers.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
