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Authors
Wang, Xinyan
Ding, Yiming
Liu, Hangzhi
Zhu, Changyu
Qu, Xiaoxia
Kang, Yue
Ding, Cong
Wang, Yuchen
Mao, Meiling
Li, Zhinxin
Chen, Xiaohong
Xian, Junfang https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2191-9393
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82202100)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82471951)
Beijing Municipal Administration of National Key R&D Program of China (2022YFC2404005)
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Article History
Received: 20 August 2025
Accepted: 20 December 2025
First Online: 27 January 2026
Declarations
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: This retrospective study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Beijing Tongren Hospital (approval no. TREC02023-KY011; date of approval: March 29, 2023).
: The requirement for written informed consent was waived.
: Twenty (20) patients included in this current study were also part of a previously published cohort (Liu et al [ ]). However, the two studies are distinct in their methodologies and conclusions. The previous study focused on predicting pathological complete response (pCR) to neoadjuvant chemo-immunotherapy using MRI histogram analysis.
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
