Tang, Congyu
Shi, Yilei
Wang, Lifan
Zhao, Xing
Li, Chunlei
Guan, Peishan
Geng, Zhidan
Chen, Jianfei
Yu, Qing
Wang, Wenping
Zhu, Xiao Xiang
Yuan, Haixia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5707-2502
Funding for this research was provided by:
Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province (2023J011696)
Science and Technology Commission of Putuo District (ptkwws202503)
Shanghai Putuo District Central Hospital Research Talent Program (2024-YJRC-08)
Shanghai Putuo District Central Hospital Discipline Construction (2024xkjs02)
Article History
Received: 26 July 2025
Accepted: 6 January 2026
First Online: 2 February 2026
Declarations
:
: Manuscripts reporting studies involving human participants, human data, or human tissue must: this study was approved by the ethics committee of Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University (number: B2022-187R) and Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (PTEC-A-2025-33(S)-1).
: As this is a retrospective study and all data are anonymised, the requirement for informed consent was waived by the Ethics Committees.
: All financial and non-financial competing interests must be declared in this section. Authors Y.S., X.Z., and C.L. are affiliated with medAI Technology (Wuxi) Co., Ltd. The remaining authors declare that they have no competing interests.