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Authors
Matsuzaki, Satoru
Nakagami, Koichi
Kuriyama, Tomoko
Morota, Koichi
Hitomi, Go
Kitamura, Hiroko
Moritake, Takashi https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4580-9332
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (24KJ2199)
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (24H00665)
Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (210501-01)
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Article History
Received: 5 September 2025
Accepted: 18 January 2026
First Online: 10 February 2026
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan (approval number: R1-053). Surveyors were provided with a document detailing the significance, methods, and other aspects of this study on the website of the Department of Occupational and Community Health Nursing, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan.
: The survey was conducted after obtaining their written consent. However, the observed workers were deemed not to require informed consent by the Ethics Committee, as this was an observational study with no invasiveness or intervention.
: The authors of this manuscript declare no relationships with any companies, whose products or services may be related to the subject matter of the article.
