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Authors
Yu, Lihua
Yuan, Mingyuan
Dai, Xu
Yu, Yarong
Yuan, Jiajun
Zheng, Chao
Xu, Lei
Liu, Ting
Zhang, Jiayin https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7383-7571
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82525034, 82471982, 82271990)
National Key Research and Development Program of China (2021YFF0501402)
Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission Leader Project (BJKJ2024052)
Shanghai Health Commission Discipline Leader Project (2022XD031)
Key Project of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission (2024AIZD017)
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Article History
Received: 2 December 2025
Revised: 30 March 2026
Accepted: 2 May 2026
First Online: 16 May 2026
Declarations
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: The institutional review board of the Shanghai General Hospital approved this retrospective study, and written informed consent from patients was waived (reference number 2023-049).
: The institutional review board of the Shanghai General Hospital approved this retrospective study, and written informed consent from patients was waived (reference number 2023-049).
: C.Z. is the chief technical officer of Shukun Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, China. He did not have control of image analysis, data curation, data analysis, and statistical analysis.
