Zhuo, Liyong
Chen, Wenjing
Song, Zijun
Xing, Lihong
Li, Xiaomeng
Hao, Jiawei
Yang, Zimei
Wang, Xuechun
Li, Caiying
Wang, Jianing
Yin, Xiaoping https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6408-9335
Funding for this research was provided by:
Baoding Science and Technology Plan (2241ZF117)
Article History
Received: 11 December 2025
Revised: 14 May 2026
Accepted: 13 June 2026
First Online: 22 July 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. This retrospective study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University (Institutional Review Board approval number: HDFYLL-KY-2024-021). Written informed consent was waived due to the retrospective nature of the study, as approved by the institutional review board.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: W.C. and X.W. are employees of United Imaging Intelligence. The remaining authors declare that they have no competing interests.