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Article History

Received: 10 December 2020

Accepted: 21 February 2021

First Online: 16 March 2021

Declarations

:

: The study design and methods were approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Center for Clinical and Translational Research of Kyushu University Hospital (IRB serial nos. 25-287 and 26-86) and followed the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki. The methods were carried out in accordance with the approved guidelines. Informed consent within the written treatment contract was obtained from all the patients or their relatives prior to inclusion in the study (IRB serial nos. 25-287 and 26-86).All animal protocols were approved by the Animal Experiments Care and Use Committee of Kyushu University (approval nos. A19-060-0 and 29-104). Maximum efforts were made to minimize animal suffering; all measurements under catheter insertion were performed with the animals under deep anesthesia.

: Not applicable

: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.