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Article History

Received: 25 March 2023

Accepted: 26 July 2023

First Online: 2 August 2023

Declarations

:

: This study complies with the Declaration of Helsinki, and it was performed according to ethics committee approval. All protocols for cell isolation from patients were approved by the Institutional Ethics Review Board of Pusan National University Hospital (project tile: Characterization and therapeutic potential of human mesenchymal stem cells; approval no.: 1801-033-062; date of approval: Aug 15, 2020). Informed consent was obtained from all the patients and their guardians. The animal study was approved by the Pusan National University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (project title: Development of cell spheroids-based therapeutics for ischemic diseases; approval no.: PNU-2021-0069; date of approval: Oct 12, 2021). The protocols for animal experiments adhere to the ARRIVE (Animal Research: Reporting of in Vivo Experiments) guidelines, and all procedures were performed in accordance with the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals published by the US National Institutes of Health (NIH Publication No. 85-23, revised 1996).

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no conflicts of interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.