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Article History

Received: 14 October 2024

Accepted: 13 June 2025

First Online: 20 June 2025

Declarations

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: All experiments associated with human samples were conducted according to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki and were approved by the Ethics Committees of the Changsha Aier Eye Hospital. The project title “Femtosecond laser intrastromal lenticules (fLEN) for ocular tissue engineering and cell therapy” was approved by the Ethics Committees of Changsha Aier Eye Hospital (Approved number,. KYPJ009) on July 5th, 2023. The human iPS cell line was purchased from Shownin Biotechnologies Co., Ltd (. Item number: RC01001-A, ). The collection of human cells was confirmed to have received initial ethical approval, and the donors had signed informed consent. The method of obtaining human tissue was in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. All animal experiments were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Hunan Aier Eye Institute (approval number,. AEI20230025). The title of the project is “Evaluation of the efficacy of tissue-engineered sheets of femtosecond laser intrastromal lenticules” and it was approved on 30 October 2023.

: Not applicable.

: During the preparation of this work, the author availed the services of ChatGPT and Kimi for improve readability and language. After utilizing these tools, the author thoroughly reviewed and edited the content as necessary and assumes full responsibility for the content of this publication. The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are not publicly available, but are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.