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Article History

Received: 10 May 2025

Accepted: 7 July 2025

First Online: 15 July 2025

Declarations

:

: The study was reviewed and approved by the IACUC of Kangwon National University (KW-210824-1) and the IACUC of GenNBio (GN-IACUC-22-01-10) as follows; for in vitro functional test: (1) Title of the approved project: The effects of advanced mesenchymal stem cell-derived materials on rheumatoid arthritis (2) Name of the institutional approval committee: IACUC of Kangwon National University (3) Approval number: KW-210824-1 (4) Date of approval: August 30, 2021 / for in vivo study: (1) Title of the approved project: The therapeutic effect of advanced exosome in mouse rheumatoid arthritis model (2) Name of the institutional approval committee: IACUC of GenNBio (3) Approval number: GN-IACUC-22-01-10 (4) Date of approval: January 14, 2022.We received review exemptions from the Institutional Review Board (IRB) for the use of anonymized human iMSCs (ATCC, Manassas, Virginia) and CTLA4Ig-overexpressing iMSCs (CTLA4Ig-iMSCs) (KWNUIRB-2021-04-009-001) as follows; (1) Title of the approved project: Development of next-generation therapeutic agents for autoimmune diseases using advanced mesenchymal stem cell-derived materials (2) Name of the institutional approval committee: IRB of Kangwon National University (3) Approval number: KWNUIRB-2021-04-009-001 (4) Date of approval: May 17, 2021.Human iMSCs were purchased from a commercial vendor (ATCC). ATCC has confirmed that there was initial ethical approval for collection of human cells, and that the donors had signed informed consent.

: Not applicable.

: JS, BC, and SK are employees of GenNBio Inc. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.