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Stem cell-derived exosomes in complicated urinary tract infections: immunomodulatory mechanisms and potential therapeutic strategies for urothelial repair

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13287-025-04548-3

Published Online: 2025-08-05

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Wang, Wenjing

He, Yong

Zhang, Henghui

Wang, Yan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8577-0527
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2025-08-05

Version of Record valid from 2025-08-05
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Article History

Received: 17 April 2025

Accepted: 18 July 2025

First Online: 5 August 2025

Declarations

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: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: There is no conflict of interest in this article.

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