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Article History

Received: 17 April 2025

Accepted: 18 July 2025

First Online: 5 August 2025

Declarations

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: The mdMSC were obtained from the company REVATIS following the establishment of a Material Transfer Agreement. Human samples are derived from healthy volunteer donors who provided an informed consent. All experiments are approved by the Regional Ethical Research Committee of the Bordet Institute and conducted in accordance with the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki []. The T-cells were obtained from PBMC in AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Unité de Thérapie Cellulaire. All samples collected from healthy adult donors were obtained after a written and informed consent, following the Helsinki’s Declaration and in compliance with the regulation of the Health Authorities. Approval was obtained from the Comité de Protection des Personnes (Ethics Committee) Ile de France IV (IRB00003835) []. The iPSC-MSC (iCell Mesenchymal Stem Cells Kit, 01279 #R1098) were purchased from FUJIFILM Cellular Dynamics, Inc. (FCDI). The original iPSC lines were sourced from the CIRM iPSC Repository, which contains samples from 2,500 donors. All tissue collection and informed consent procedures were conducted in accordance with CIRM guidelines and approved by Institutional Review Boards. The Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVEC, #C-12200) and Human Cardiac Fibroblasts (HCF, #C-12375) were purchased from PromoCell and obtained from donors who have signed an informed consent form detailing the purpose of the donation and the tissue processing procedure. All procedures were approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee from the Université de Paris (Project APAFIS#25824) on the 19/08/2020 and comply with the ARRIVE guidelines 2.0 and with the European legislation (EU Directive 2010/63/EU for animal experiments). All procedures followed approved ethical guidelines and institutional policies. The project title is: “Évaluation des vésicules extracellulaires dérivées de cellules souches d’origine humaine comme une alternative à la greffe des cellules: applications à la réparation myocardique dans un modèle d’insuffisance cardiaque chronique avec validation du biomatériau chez le rat.” For this paper, we have only used the stem cell component of the application (and not the extracellular vesicles).

: D.S. and J.C. are scientific advisors of Revatis, a Spin Off company of the University of Liege.