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Authors
Li, Hongkun
Xu, Nuo
Li, Shuaichen
Wang, Xinjing
Li, Anping
Wang, Hengxin
Wu, Shuang
Zhou, Sunxin
Cai, Chuan
Zhang, Tong
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Beijing Natural Science Foundation (7232154)
Major scientific research projects in healthcare services (BKJWS221C002)
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Article History
Received: 25 June 2025
Accepted: 19 August 2025
First Online: 29 August 2025
Declarations
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: Animal Ethics declaration: All experimental procedures involving animals were ethically approved by the Animal Welfare Ethics Committee of Beijing MDKN Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Approval number: MDKN-2024-072; Date of approval: April 20, 2024; Title of the approved project: “Exosomes derived from umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells alleviate jaw bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells senescence and promote osteogenic differentiation”), and were in compliance with the Guidelines for ethical review of animal welfare of Laboratory animals issued by the China National Standardization Management Committee (publication No. GB/T35892-2018). This work has been reported in line with the ARRIVE guidelines 2.0. There were no ethical conflicts associated with this manuscript.
: The research utilized UCMSCs were obtained from iCell Bioscience Inc. (HUM-iCell-e009, Shanghai, China), which were ethically sourced and complied with relevant regulatory standards.
: All authors confirm their consent for publication.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Not applicable.
