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Authors
Cai, Lian https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1096-700X
Kim, Mirae
Choi, Hyerin
Kim, Haneul
Hyun, Sang-Hwan
Kim, Eunhye https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5102-6794
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Korean Government (NRF-2021R1C1C2007132)
Korean Government (NRF-2020R1A2C2008276)
Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy (20023068)
Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture and Forestry (RS-2024-00398561)
Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture and Forestry (RS-2024-00399475)
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Article History
Received: 14 March 2025
Accepted: 25 August 2025
First Online: 29 September 2025
Declarations
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: This study strictly adhered to the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals issued by the National Veterinary and Quarantine Services. The protocol received approval from the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) at Chungbuk National University, with authorization for the project “Development of Porcine Midbrain Organoids by the Analysis of Midbrain Differentiation Mechanisms Using Pluripotent Stem Cells” (Approval No. CBNUA-2082-23-02) on March 15, 2023, and “Establishment of Porcine Embryonic Stem Cells in Simplified Serum-Free Media and Feeder-Free Expansion” (Approval No. CBNUA-2243-24-01) on April 1, 2024. Euthanasia was conducted under isoflurane anesthesia, with all necessary measures taken to minimize distress.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
