Ioannou, Savvas https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7949-8339
Kay, Alasdair G. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1953-331X
Stone, Andrew P. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1087-9923
Rand, Emma https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1358-8275
Elberfeld, Samuel
Bolton, William
Larson, Tony
Crossland, Rachel E. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6138-160X
Kehoe, Oksana https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8702-275X
Mentlak, David A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4212-5552
Wang, Xiao-Nong
MacDonald, Chris https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7450-600X
Genever, Paul G. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5730-8976
Funding for this research was provided by:
Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BB/M011151/1)
Tissue Engineering and regenerative therapies centre Versus Arthritis (21156)
The Wellcome Trust and the Royal Society (204636/Z/16/Z)
UK EPSRC/MRC CDT in Regenerative Medicine (EP/F500491/1)
Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/K039660/1)
Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/M028127/1)
Article History
Received: 11 April 2025
Accepted: 8 September 2025
First Online: 16 October 2025
Declarations
:
: Human primary cells were obtained from routine hip and knee replacements following informed consent from Clifton Park Hospital under ethical approval, with project title “The influence of age, sex and disease on the number and quality of mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow”, approved by the local NHS Research Ethics Committee (South Humberside), approval number 07/Q1105/9, approved on 03/04/2007. Y201 and Y202 MSC lines were derived from donor tissue following hip replacement surgery under ethical approval, with project title “Use of human bone-derived cells for research purposes”, approved by the local NHS Research Ethics Committee (Harrogate), approval number 03/08/01, approved on 07/08/2003. Human peripheral blood-derived CD4+ T cells were purchased from Stem Cell Technologies and were obtained using Institutional Review Board (IRB) approved consent forms and protocols (available on request). The peritonitis animal studies were under project title “Immune responses in helminth infections”, approved by the University of York Animal Welfare and Ethics Review Board (AWERB), under project licence number PFB579996, which was approved on 18/05/2018. The AIA animal studies were under project title “Investigation of targeted stem cell therapies in arthritis model”, approved by Liverpool John Moores University AWERB committee, under project licence number P0F90DE46, which was approved on 21/11/2016.
: Not applicable.
: PGG is co-founder and CSO for Mesenbio Ltd, DAM is an employee of Mesenbio Ltd.