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Authors
Yoshida, Koki
Harada, Fumiya
Uehara, Osamu
Ariwansa, Dedy
Morikawa, Tetsuro
Iwasaki, Kengo
Nagasawa, Toshiyuki
Abiko, Yoshihiro
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (23K09220)
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (21K17025, and 23K09220)
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (23K09220)
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (23K09220)
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (23K09220)
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Article History
Received: 7 August 2025
Accepted: 22 December 2025
First Online: 11 January 2026
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido (Approval number: No. 179, 2019), and written informed consent was obtained from all participants.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
