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Article History

Received: 14 October 2025

Accepted: 2 February 2026

First Online: 13 February 2026

Declarations

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: All animal experiments and studies involving animal-derived cells were conducted within the project “Exploring mechanisms and strategies for stimulating endogenous cardiac regeneration”, which was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the National Medical Research Centre of Cardiology named after Academician E.I. Chazov (permit No. LA/28.07.2023 dated July 28, 2023 and LA/26.09.2023 dated September 28, 2023). All procedures were performed in compliance with Directive 2010/63/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 September 2010 on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes. All experiments with cell cultures isolated from human samples were conducted within the project “Investigation of Risk Factors and Clinical Features of Cardiovascular Diseases Using Genetic Technologies”, which was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the National Medical Research Centre of Cardiology named after Academician E.I. Chazov (permit No. 271 dated September 27, 2021) and study protocol addendum (permit No. 290 dated May 29, 2023). Written informed consent was obtained from all human participants prior to sample collection. All procedures were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the Declaration of Helsinki. AI tools were used solely for language polishing during manuscript preparation.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.