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Article History

Received: 27 August 2025

Accepted: 24 February 2026

First Online: 6 March 2026

Declarations

:

: All experiments conducted in this study, including human stem cell isolation, culture, and animal experiments, have been formally approved by the relevant ethics committees of Jinan University. Specifically, the Ethics Committee of Jinan University issued ethical approval No. JNUKY-2023-0110 on December 29, 2023, with the approved project title: “Construction and orthodontic function evaluation of 3D Printed Autologous Tooth-Bone transformation prosthesis based on CEMP1 regulating periodontal regeneration mechanism,” which covers all human stem cell-related procedures in this research; written informed consent was obtained from all patients who donated teeth for stem cell isolation and their family members prior to the initiation of the study. The Experimental Animal Ethics Committee of Jinan University granted ethical approval No. 20241111-03 on November 11, 2024, corresponding to the animal experiments described herein, with the approved project title: “Study on the Induction of Neural Differentiation in Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells by Schisandrin A and Schisandrin B and Their Role in Repairing Mental Nerve Injury.” All procedures were performed in strict accordance with the approved ethical protocols and relevant national and international guidelines for the care and use of laboratory animals and human research participants.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.