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Article History

Received: 23 October 2025

Accepted: 31 March 2026

First Online: 9 April 2026

Declarations

:

: Animal experiments were conducted under the overview of the University of Nottingham Animal Welfare and Ethical Review Body (AWERB) and authorised by UK Home Office Project Licence numbers PPL P435A9CF8 (project title: Pre-clinical cancer models for identifying and screening novel drug and imaging agents for cancer diagnosis and treatment, approval date: 30/11/2017) and PP5089113 (project title: The development and application of preclinical cancer models for identifying and screening novel drug and imaging agents for cancer diagnosis and treatment, approval date: 15/06/2023). hiPSC lines were approved and derived under University of Nottingham ethics committee number 09/H0408/74 with appropriate consent(project title: “New in vitro models of long QT syndrome by coupling induced pluripotency and cardiomyocyte differentiation”; approval date: 07/03/2011). OSTI GI4380 hiPSCs were approved for use as part of the CORGI2 trial by the Oxford/South Central Research Ethics Committee (17/SC/0079; project title: “The Identification and characterisation of Inherited Predispositions to Colorectal Tumours (CORGI) 2”, approval date: 10/03/2017). All ethical regulations were followed throughout the study.

: The authors declare no competing interests.