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Article History

Received: 16 December 2025

Accepted: 19 June 2026

First Online: 2 July 2026

Declarations

:

: The hiPSC lines iLB C16bm-s16 ( ) and C133bm-s4 ( ), have been generated by the Cell Programming Core Facility of the University Hospital Bonn in accordance with ethical guidelines. Details and the ethic approval number can be found at . Human valve endothelial and interstitial cells were obtained from Lonza ( ) and processed according to the company’s tissue acquisition policy, which ensures compliance with established ethical practices in the United States and with donor consent or legal authorization.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.