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Article History

Received: 20 January 2026

Accepted: 24 June 2026

First Online: 3 July 2026

Declarations

:

: The clinical study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Ethics Committee of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University (Protocol code: II2025-517-01, Date of approval: 31 December 2025). Title:“Study on the Role and Mechanism of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Vesicles in the Treatment of Acute and Chronic Liver Diseases"Written informed consent was obtained from all patients prior to enrollment. The animal study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Sun Yat-Sen University (protocol code: SYSU-IACUC-2025-001548, Date of approval: 27 June 2025), and the approved project title is"Mechanism of action of mesenchymal stem cells and their derived outer vesicles on acute and chronic liver injury in mouse C57BL/6”.The human hepatic stellate cell line (LX2) was provided by the Laboratory of Hepatology Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University. The original source has confirmed that initial ethical approval was obtained for the collection of these human cells and that all donors provided signed informed consent. 

: All authors agreed on the final approval of the version to be published.

: The authors declare no competing interests. 

: The authors declare that they have not used AI-generated work in this manuscript.