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Article History

Received: 25 August 2025

Accepted: 3 July 2026

First Online: 13 July 2026

Declarations

:

: This study did not involve animal experiments or human participant research. The experiments described in this study were performed using established human cell lines and hiPSC lines maintained in our laboratory. According to the institutional regulations of the Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, this study was subject to institutional notification rather than ethics committee review or approval. The corresponding institutional notification number is No. 2025-04. The hiPSC lines used in this study were generated from CCD-1112Sk (ATCC CRL-2429). According to ATCC (https://www.atcc.org/products/crl-2429), the original donor material was collected under appropriate ethical approval, and informed consent was obtained from the donor. The SNU-368 cell line was obtained from the Korea Cell Line Bank (KCLB), https://cellbank.snu.ac.kr/en/cellline/search? mode=view&cell_id=536 [34]. According to the information provided by KCLB, the cell line was originally established with appropriate ethical approval and informed consent from the donor. The SKN-3 cell line was obtained from the Japanese Collection of Research Bioresources Cell Bank (JCRB), https://cellbank.nibn.go.jp/~cellbank/en/search_res_det.cgi? ID=2405 [35]. According to the information provided by JCRB, the cell line was originally established with appropriate ethical approval and informed consent from the donor.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.