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Authors
Kilpatrick, Lisa A.
Chang, Lin
Labus, Jennifer S.
Shin, Andrea S.
Choy, Michelle
Dong, Tien S.
Naliboff, Bruce
Mayer, Emeran A.
Church, Arpana
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (U54DK123755, U54DK123755, K23DK106528)
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Article History
Received: 31 January 2025
Accepted: 12 July 2025
First Online: 11 August 2025
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board at the University of California, Los Angeles’s Office of Protection for Research Subjects (Nos. 20-000540, 20-000515, 20-0540, 20-0515).
: All participants provided written informed consent. No individual data is reported, all data is anonymized and reported at the group level.
: A.C. is a research consultant for YAMAHA. E.A.M. is a member of the scientific advisory boards of Danone, Axial Therapeutics, Amare, Mahana Therapeutics, Pendulum, Bloom Biosciences, and APC Microbiome Ireland. L.C. serves as an advisory board member or consultant for Ardelyx, Arena Pharmaceuticals, Bausch Health, Immunic, Ironwood Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Mauna Kea Technologies, and Trellus; and receives grant support from AnX Robotica, Arena Pharmaceuticals, and Ironwood Pharmaceuticals. All other authors declare no conflict of interest.
