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Authors
Binod, Michelle
Chang, Lin
Hung, Ming Wei
Dong, Tien S.
Kilpatrick, Lisa A.
Tomasevic, Anthony
Choy, Michelle
Shin, Andrea
Mayer, Emeran A.
Church, Arpana
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
NIH (T32DK007180)
NIH (U54 DK123755)
NIH (R01 MD015904)
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Article History
Received: 5 June 2025
Accepted: 15 September 2025
First Online: 25 November 2025
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board at the University of California, Los Angeles’s Office of Protection for Research Subjects (IRB#16-000187, IRB#20-002326, IRB#12-001802, IRB#20-000540, IRB#20-000515).
: All participants provided written informed consent. No individual data is reported, all data is anonymized and reported at the group level.
: AC is a research consultant for YAMAHA. EAM is a member of the scientific advisory boards of Danone, Axial Therapeutics, Pendulum, and Bloom Biosciences. LC has served as a consultant for Ardelyx, Atmo, Food Marble, GlaxoSmithKline, Eli Lilly, Ironwood, Medscape, Nerva, and Vibrant; has been a speaker for Bausch Health; received research grants from AnX Robotica and Ironwood; serves as a member of the Rome Foundation Board of Directors; and has stock options for Food Marble, ModifyHealth, PICO Health, Trellus Health. AS serves as a consultant for Ardelyx, has served on an Advisory Board for Gemelli Biotech and Salix Pharmaceuticals, and is an Advisor for Medis Labs, Inc. All other authors declare no conflict of interest.
