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Authors
Wang, Jia-Jie
Yao, Yian
Sun, Guoli
Ye, Zi
Lin, Hungchen
Liu, Chengxing
Lai, Yan
Zhang, Ying
Zheng, Zhichao
Liu, Xuebo
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82170346)
Shanghai Municipal Health Commission (202440145)
Shanghai Science and Technology Committee (22Y11901600)
Shanghai Tongji Hospital clinical research and cultivation project (ITJ(ZD)2307)
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Article History
Received: 23 September 2025
Accepted: 1 December 2025
First Online: 7 December 2025
Declarations
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: The CARDIA study has been approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) at all the study sites, and written informed consent was obtained from all the participants. All methods were carried out in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations for human subject research, in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki (1989).
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
