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Authors
Casado-Navarro, Rafael
Bermejo-Santos, Ana
la Cal, Rodrigo Torrillas-de
Madrigal, María Pilar
Olivé, Virgilia
Chen-Chen, Li Ying
Amorós-Bru, Sonia
Jurado, Sandra
Serrano-Saiz, Esther
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas
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Article History
Received: 16 October 2025
Accepted: 19 January 2026
First Online: 2 February 2026
Declarations
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: All experimental procedures involving animals were conducted in accordance with the European Directive 2010/63/EU on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes and the Spanish Royal Decree 53/2013 (BOE 34/08.02.2013). Experiments were approved by the Comité de Ética de Experimentación Animal (CEEA) of the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and authorized by the Comunidad de Madrid under project license number PROEX 286/19. All efforts were made to minimize animal suffering and reduce the number of animals used, following the principles of Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement (3Rs) prescribed by Spanish and EU legislation. Consent to participate is not applicable.
: Written informed consent for publication was obtained from all participants included in the study.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
