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Authors
Chen, Hong
Han, Jingxin
Huang, Haozhe
He, Qi
Ren, Xinqi
Yu, Fan
Chang, Chunkang
Ding, Xuehai
Luo, Quanyong
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Shanghai Key Research Center Project of Medical Imaging (2023ZZ2006)
Shanghai Municipal Strengthening Public Health System Construction (GWVI-11.1-40)
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Article History
Received: 20 June 2025
Accepted: 10 September 2025
First Online: 15 October 2025
Declarations
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: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. This retrospective study was conducted at Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee (Approval No:2024-KY-266(K)) with waived informed consent.
: This retrospective study utilized anonymized patient data and was granted a waiver of informed consent by the Institutional Ethics Committee (Approval No:2024-KY-266(K)). All data were de-identified prior to analysis to ensure participant confidentiality.
: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
