Document is current

Article History

Received: 5 December 2025

Accepted: 1 June 2026

First Online: 20 June 2026

Declarations

:

: This study was conducted using data from the NIPU trial (NCT04300244), approved by the Regional Committee for Medical and Health Research Ethics, South East Norway (reference 20/47804), and site ethics committees. The study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki and ICH E6 Good Clinical Practice guidelines. All patients provided written informed consent.

: Not applicable. The manuscript does not contain any identifiable individual participant data.

: ST, MS, WMS, EH, LTGM, ÅKÖ, CM, EM, and SSN: No conflicts of interest.JBS: Advisory board member for Bristol Myers Squibb.ÅH: Advisory/consultancy/meeting presentation roles for AbbVie, AstraZeneca, BMS, Pfizer, Roche, Janssen, MSD, Sanofi, Bayer, Medicover, and Takeda with honoraria directed to own institution, and receiving research grants from Roche, BMS, Ultimovacs, AstraZeneca, Novartis, InCyte, Eli Lilly, Illumina, Merck, Nanopore, GlaxoSmithKline, and Johnson&Johnson. AKN: AstraZeneca DSMB; research funding to the institution from AstraZeneca.VDH: Advisory boards: Astra Zeneca, Novartis, Johnson&Johnson, MSD, Lectures/text: Astra Zeneca, Pfizer, Johnson&Johnson, BMS, Takeda.SF: Advisory/consultancy/meeting presentations for MSD, AstraZeneca, Pfizer.SC: Consulting/advisory roles for Amphera; honoraria and travel support from BMS, Roche, Pfizer; grant from Roche. Consulting/honoraria for AstraZeneca, BMS, MSD Oncology, Pfizer, Roche, Takeda; travel support from AstraZeneca, MSD Oncology, Pfizer, Takeda.RJF: Advisory/consultancy for AIQ Solutions.