Kassie, Maru Zewdu https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5291-9623
Yilema, Seyifemickael Amare https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9445-6038
Belay, Alebachew Taye
Rad, Najmeh Nakhaei
Chen, Ding-Geng https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3199-8665
Article History
Received: 14 January 2025
Accepted: 23 April 2025
First Online: 22 August 2025
Declarations
:
: The data for this study were obtained from the third round of the COVID-19 High-Frequency Phone Survey of Households (HFPS-HH), conducted by the Central Statistical Agency (CSA) of Ethiopia in collaboration with the World Bank. Ethical approval for this study was obtained by the implementing institutions. Access to the dataset was granted by the World Bank, and permission to use the data for this research was duly obtained. The methods adhered to the ethical standards of the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.