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Cost-utility analysis of three PD-1 inhibitors combined with chemotherapy in the first-line treatment of locally advanced or metastatic esophageal squamous carcinoma in China

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13561-026-00784-2

Published Online: 2026-05-09

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Liao, Li

Gong, Jing
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2026-05-09

Version of Record valid from 2026-07-03
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Article History

Received: 25 January 2026

Accepted: 5 May 2026

First Online: 9 May 2026

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: Not applicable.

: No, I declare that the authors have no competing interests as defined by BMC, or other interests that might be perceived to influence the results and/or discussion reported in this paper.

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