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Authors
Chen, Xing
Zhang, Luying
Chen, Wen
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (72374049)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (72342016)
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Article History
Received: 26 March 2026
Accepted: 5 August 2026
First Online: 10 August 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: The study involving human participants was conducted according to the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki and was reviewed and approved by The Ethics Review Committee of the School of Public Health, Fudan University (IRB#2023-02-261). Since the data we used came from two anonymized and secondary databases, human participants were not directly involved in the study, and the informed consent was exempted.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
