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Authors
Costa, Damien https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3418-2597
Razakandrainibe, Romy
Dorgebray, Pierre Emilien
Villier, Venceslas
Coppée, Romain
Lefebvre, Rachel
Barbey, Sarah
Denizot, Virginie
Martin, Pauline
Pezier, Tiffany
Lacroix-Lamande, Sonia
Favennec, Loïc
Laurent, Fabrice
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
APIS-GENE
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Article History
Received: 30 April 2025
Accepted: 18 July 2025
First Online: 9 June 2026
Declarations
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: Throughout the course of the experiment, all animals were handled with care in compliance with the guidelines on animal research issued by the French Ministry of Agriculture and a specific experimental authorization was obtained for this protocol under the registration number APAFIS#16219–2018072015459366 v2. For commercial farms, particular attention was paid to explain the aim of the experiment and the sampling process to all the animals owners and no sampling was made without their informed consent.
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
