Zhang, Zhihui
Teng, Zhidong
Yin, Shuanghui
Mu, Suyu
Wei, Sumin
Ding, Yaozhong
Zhang, Yun
Wang, Shuang
Li, Yijing
Sun, Shiqi
Guo, Huichen
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Key R&D Program of China (2021YFD1800303)
Technology innovation guidance program of Gansu Province (24CXNA030)
thereby acting (32301127)
Key R&D Program of Ningxia province (2024BBF02017)
Article History
Received: 19 June 2025
Accepted: 27 November 2025
First Online: 3 January 2026
Declarations
:
: All experiments involving live FMDV were conducted at the animal biosafety level 3 (ABSL-3) laboratory of Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. All animal experiments were approved and carried out following the standards and guidelines of the Gansu Animal Experiments Inspectorate and the Gansu Ethical Review Committee (license no. SYXK-GAN-2018-0005).
: The authors declare no competing interests.