Document is current

Article History

Received: 6 October 2025

Accepted: 23 January 2026

First Online: 19 March 2026

Declarations

:

: All pigs included in the different trials were treated in accordance with the principles outlined in the European Union (EU) Directive 2010/63/EU on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes and the German Animal Protection Law (Tierschutzgesetz). All animal experiments were ethically evaluated and permitted by the responsible German authorities: The longitudinal field study (permit no. 81-02.04.40.2023.VG034) was approved by the Landesamt für Natur-, Umwelt und Verbraucherschutz Nordrhein-Westfalen. The study, including collection of blood and experimental infection of piglets originating from the SPF breeding operation, was permitted by the Committee on Animal Experiments of the Lower Saxonian State Office for Consumer Protection and Food Safety (Niedersächsisches Landesamt für Verbraucherschutz und Lebensmittelsicherheit, LAVES; permit no. 33.9-42502-04-11/0442). All application techniques and sampling of blood conducted in this study were in line with the recommendations of the German Society for Laboratory Animal Science (Gesellschaft für Versuchstierkunde) [ ] and the German Veterinary Association for the Protection of Animals (Tierärztliche Vereinigung für Tierschutz e. V.).

: Not applicable.

: JS, PVW, and CGB are inventors of a patent for a vaccine composition including Ide Ssuis (e.g., US patent no. 12,036,275). The assignee of this patent is Ceva Santé Animale S.A. (Libourne). In the past, CGB received funding from CEVA Innovations GmbH.