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Authors
Pluta, Aneta
Skovgaard, Kerstin
Dębski, Konrad Józef
Peloponese, Jean Marie
Sokacz, Madison
Mourouvin, Celima
Taxis, Tasia Marie
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
VET-TWIN project, “Strengthening of scientific excellence of the National Veterinary Research Institute in animal health and food chain safety” (Grant agreement no. 692131)
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Article History
Received: 27 October 2025
Accepted: 30 April 2026
First Online: 21 May 2026
Declarations
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: Ethical approval was not required because the insects were field-collected. Blood samples from Polish cattle, naturally infected with BLV, were selected from collections at local diagnostic laboratories as part of the enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL) monitoring program in 2018 and sent to the National Veterinary Research Institute (NVRI) in Puławy for confirmation study. The approval for collection of these samples by an ethics committee was not required according to Polish regulation (“Act on the Protection of Animals Used for Scientific or Educational Purposes,” Journal of Laws of 2015).
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
