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Article History

Received: 3 August 2025

Accepted: 18 September 2025

First Online: 3 November 2025

Declarations

:

: This study was conducted according to the guidelines of the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee, Animal and Poultry Production Division, Desert Research Center, Egypt (Approval: AN-4–2024). All methods and protocols in this study comply with the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines and the EU standards for the protection of animals. The study does not include clinical trials or animal euthanasia. The goats are the offspring of the goat herd in Maryouut Research Station, Desert Research Center, Egypt. All animals were released to the goat herd after the end of the experiment.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.