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Article History

Received: 2 December 2021

Accepted: 19 May 2022

First Online: 31 May 2022

Declarations

:

: Animal usage followed the guidelines of the European Union (Directive 2010/63/EU). Fishes were caught and sacrificed for consumption by holders of fishing licenses issued by Verband Deutscher Sportfischer e. V. and Fischereigenossenschaft Hannoversch Münden. Without exception, material (intestines) from natural infections was used that would otherwise have been discarded. For carrying out sequencing of acanthocephalan RNAs no approval by an ethics committee was required.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.