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Authors
Yan, Xiaodong
Zheng, Biao
Zhang, Qi
Ma, Mingyang
Sun, Xiaotong
Mao, Kelei
Yu, Ruihao
Sun, Wanling
Zhang, Sitao
Mao, Liyuan
Wang, Wei
Huang, Haixia
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (32300601)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (U23A20399)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (32071130)
Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation (ZR2023QH056)
Beijing Natural Science Foundation (5232004)
School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University (CMU-CGT26C06)
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Article History
Received: 22 June 2026
Accepted: 14 September 2026
First Online: 28 September 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: All animal experiments were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Capital Medical University (Approval No. AEEI-2025-611 and AEEI-2025-590). All procedures were conducted in compliance with the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (8th edition, 2011) and the guidelines of the Animal Welfare Act of China. Every effort was made to minimize animal suffering, and all surgery was performed under appropriate anesthesia, with all efforts to minimize the number of animals used and their pain and distress. This study did not involve human participants, human data, or human tissue; therefore, consent to participate is not applicable.
Consent for publication: All authors have approved the submission of the manuscript for publication and agree to be accountable for all aspects of the manuscript.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
