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Article History

Received: 28 February 2025

Accepted: 11 September 2025

First Online: 22 September 2025

Declarations

:

: This study was conducted following the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki (World Medical Association, 1974). The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Department of Nursing of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens and the Scientific Council of the hospitals. Data collection was conducted both online and in person. For both the paper-based and online versions of the questionnaire, participants were provided with an information sheet describing the study’s aims, their rights, and the voluntary and anonymous nature of participation. For the paper-based version, the information sheet was included as the first page of the questionnaire, and participants indicated their consent by ticking a box marked “I agree to participate.” In the online version, consent was obtained by checking a mandatory checkbox (“I agree to participate”) before the questionnaire could be completed. No identifying information (e.g., name, email address, IP address, phone number) was requested or collected. For the paper-based version, hard copies of the questionnaire were distributed directly by the researchers in various hospital departments. Completed questionnaires were placed in boxes at the office of each department head, where the researcher collected them at a later time.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.