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Authors
Dankl, Daniel https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5996-1752
Bruno, Raphael Romano
Beil, Michael
Flaatten, Hans
Kelm, Malte
Sigal, Sviri
Szczeklik, Wojciech
Elhadi, Muhammed
Joannidis, Michael
Koköfer, Andreas
Schreiber, Barbara
Singhartinger, Franz
Oeyen, Sandra
Marsh, Brian
Moreno, Rui
Leaver, Susannah
De Lange, Dylan W
Guidet, Bertrand
Boumendil, Ariane
Jung, Christian
Wernly, Bernhard
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Article History
Received: 11 March 2025
Accepted: 2 June 2025
First Online: 23 June 2025
Declarations
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: The VIP1, VIP2, and COVIP-19 (Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT04321265, registered 19 March 2020) studies were planned and conducted by the Very Old Intensive Care Patients (VIP) project within the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM) (), which also endorsed the studies. National coordinators were responsible for recruiting ICUs, coordinating national and local ethical approvals, and supervising patient recruitment at the national level. Ethical approval was mandatory for study participation in each country. Due to the diversity of ethical consent procedures, some countries were able to recruit patients without informed consent, while others required it.
: Not applicable.
: None.
