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Authors
Chen, Chieh-Lung
Yang, Kuang-Yao
Peng, Chung-Kan
Chan, Ming-Cheng
Sheu, Chau-Chyun
Feng, Jia-Yih
Wang, Sheng-Huei
Huang, Wei-Hsuan
Chen, Chia-Min
Tseng, How-Yang
Lin, Yu-Chao https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8241-2898
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Article History
Received: 30 May 2025
Accepted: 16 September 2025
First Online: 18 October 2025
Declarations
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: The institutional review boards (IRBs) of all participating hospitals approved the study protocol (IRB numbers: CMUH110-REC1-139, CE18100A, A202005146_TSGHIRB, 2020-11-006AC, and KMUHIRB-E(I)-20180141). Considering the retrospective nature of this study and the absence of personally identifiable information collection, the requirement for informed consent was waived by the IRB of each participating institution.
: All authors have reviewed and approved the manuscript for publication.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
