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Article History

Received: 30 May 2025

Accepted: 30 September 2025

First Online: 14 October 2025

Declarations

:

: The SNDS database was created by French law n°2016-41 dated 26 January 2016 []. The purpose of the database is research through the reuse of claim data gathered after names and social security numbers have been removed. Condition of use and security applying to the database is defined by French government regulation dated 22 March 2017 []. As part of its public statistics missions, the Department for Research, Studies, Assessment, and Statistics (DREES) of the French Ministry of Health, has permanent access to the SNDS database.

: According to French law, written informed consent was not required for this type of study. An internet page informs the public about the reuse of the database and their rights according to the European General Data Protection Regulation n° UE 2016/679 dated 27 April 2016 [].

: Matthieu Schmidt reports lecture fees from Getinge, Drager, and Xenios outside the submitted work. Alain Combes reports grants from Getinge, and personal fees from Getinge, Baxter, and Xenios outside the submitted work. All other authors report no competing interest.