Yao, Zhaokai
Wang, Wen
Tang, Kang
Yang, Yuning
Ren, Shaofang
Weng, Yetian
Ma, Linzi
Chen, Dingyao
Gu, Haoxu
Wan, Jialin
Liu, Zhaoting
Zheng, Yi
Li, Chaohui
Luo, Fang
Zhao, Xiao-Yang
Fan, Yong
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Key R&D Program of China (2024YFC2706604)
National Key R&D Program of China (2024YFA1106902)
National Key R&D Program of China (2022YFA0806303)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82571911)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (U22A20278)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82530051)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (32570969)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (32100677)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82471705)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82271631)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82571855)
Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Psychiatric Disorders (2023B1212120004)
Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (2025B0303000014)
Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (2025A1515012332)
Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (2023A1515030255)
Guangzhou Key Research and Development Program (2024B03J0991)
Guangzhou Science and Technology Planning Project (2023A03J0043)
Open Project of National Stem Cell Resource Center, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (NSCRC-25-98)
Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF (GZB20240180)
Article History
Received: 26 March 2026
Revised: 28 May 2026
Accepted: 1 June 2026
First Online: 7 July 2026
Declarations
:
: All animal care and experimental procedures were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Southern Medical University, China (ethical code: L2016149) and carried out in accordance with the National Institutes of Health Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. All experiments involving human samples were performed in accordance with the ethical principles of the World Medical Association (Declaration of Helsinki). The study protocol was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Approval No. [2024] 031). Tissues were obtained from two patients with obstructive azoospermia, and informed consent was secured from all participants prior to sample collection.
: Not applicable.
: X.Z., C.L., Z.Y., F.L. have filed a patent related to this work. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.