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Authors
Duffy, Ryan
Gavin, Tadhg
Couper, Alistair
Quille, John
McLaughlin, David
Hanly, Emma
McGrath, Christopher
Gordon, Declan
Clerkin, Patrick
Berga, Marina Solé
Tomás, Héctor Santo
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Hipra
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Article History
Received: 5 March 2025
Accepted: 17 December 2025
First Online: 23 December 2025
Declarations
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: This was a field study, and animals were handled according to routine protocols and procedures and were not subject to additional manipulation causing problems associated with animal welfare or excessive animal use. For this reason, this study did not require approval by an ethics committee.
: The owners of the data generated throughout this study have consented to its publication.
: AC, MSB, and HST work for HIPRA, a biotechnological pharmaceutical company who manufactures the vaccine used during this study. RD, TG, JQ, DMcL, EH, CMcG, DG, and PC declare no conflict of interests.
