Document is current
Any future updates will be listed below
-
Authors
Han, Xueshu
Wang, Ruiguo
Ni, Yang
Sun, Zhenjun
Jin, Yuping
Xing, Zicheng
Guo, Yuqing
Wang, Haonan
Liu, Shaochun
Diao, Yalin
Liu, Huanqi
Chi, Liang
-
Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Graduate Innovation Program of Qingdao Agricultural University (QNYCX25079)
Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program of Qingdao Agricultural University (QNDC20250263)
Shandong Provincial Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System's Cattle Industry Innovation Team Project (SDAIT-09-05)
Qingdao Science and Technology Project for the Benefit of the People (25-1-5-xdny-15-nsh)
- License Information
-
More Information
Article History
Received: 21 May 2026
Accepted: 31 August 2026
First Online: 7 September 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: The clinical nasal swab samples utilized in this study were non-invasive routine diagnostic specimens collected during standard veterinary care, and no experimental interventions were performed on live animals. Prior to sample collection, informed consent was obtained from the animal owners. All sample handling procedures were conducted in strict accordance with relevant institutional and national guidelines for the care and use of animals.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
