Document is current
Any future updates will be listed below
-
Authors
R, Vinoth Raj
V, Vinoth Kumar
R, Murugan
K, Yazhini
- License Information
-
More Information
Article History
Received: 3 December 2024
Accepted: 3 September 2025
First Online: 13 November 2025
Declarations
:
: This manuscript utilizes only standard grayscale test images, specifically “Barbara” and “Cameraman,” which are publicly available and widely used in image processing research. These images are sourced from well-known datasets ( USC-SIPI Image Database ) and do not depict any real, identifiable individuals. No photographs of living persons were used in this study; therefore, a Consent to Publish declaration is not applicable .
: The authors declare no competing interests.
