Obiri, Nahshon Mokua https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7877-4848
Van Laerhoven, Kristof https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5296-5347
Funding for this research was provided by:
Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst (57652455)
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (425868829)
Universität Siegen
Article History
Received: 7 October 2025
Accepted: 9 March 2026
First Online: 13 May 2026
Declarations
:
: Not applicable. The study involves environmental sensing and wireless link measurements. No personal or identifiable data, headcounts, or movement traces were collected.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
: Not applicable. No new unique biological or chemical materials were generated. Commercial, off-the-shelf hardware is listed in the manuscript; build details can be provided on request.
: The analysis and plotting code are available in the same public repository listed above under “Availability of data and materials.”