Nonlinear dynamical analysis of racism diffusion using a fractional-order model with optimal control and cost-effectiveness assessments
Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13661-025-02076-w
Published Online: 2025-07-31
Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy
Gümüş, Mehmet
Teklu, Shewafera Wondimagegnhu
Text and Data Mining valid from 2025-07-31
Version of Record valid from 2025-07-31
Article History
Received: 9 March 2025
Accepted: 22 May 2025
First Online: 31 July 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.