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Authors
Guo, Juncheng
Su, Mengxue
Huang, Jingbiao
Wang, Xiaohu
Li, Jianji
Wu, Haisheng
He, Yuan
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Article History
Received: 22 February 2025
Accepted: 25 June 2025
First Online: 1 July 2025
Declarations
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: The CHARLS study received ethical approval from the Beijing University Biomedical Ethics Review Board (IRB00001052-11015), and all participants provided written informed consent. The study methodology was carried out in accordance with approved guidelines.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
