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Authors
Yang, Murong
Violato, Mara
Carson, Claire
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford
National Institute for Health and Care Research
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Article History
Received: 17 March 2025
Accepted: 12 August 2025
First Online: 1 September 2025
Declarations
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: This research is a secondary analysis of publicly available, de-identified data drawn from the UK Millennium Cohort Study. The study was originally approved by Multi-Centre Research Ethics Committee and this analysis did not require further ethical approvals.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
